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- <text id=93TT0764>
- <title>
- Dec. 13, 1993: The Presidency
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Dec. 13, 1993 The Big Three:Chrysler, Ford, and GM
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- THE PRESIDENCY, Page 43
- Reach Out And Twist An Arm
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By Hugh Sidey
- </p>
- <p> "People were grievin' and cryin' and hidin' their babies under
- the bed," Lyndon Johnson once recalled about the hours and days
- following the assassination of John Kennedy in Dallas. "It wasn't
- my choice, but I was the only President they had. I did the
- best I knew how."
- </p>
- <p> And he did it his way. The privately coarse and coercive Johnson
- was etched in fascinating detail in tapes and transcripts released
- last week by the L.B.J. Library of some of the hundreds of phone
- calls Johnson made to power brokers and political friends as
- he sought to steady the government and reassure the country
- in the days following the Kennedy assassination. They reveal,
- like few things before, this tumultuous man who responded to
- duty, this raw and rough-riding man of power who gloried in
- authority and drama even while being sensitive to tragedy.
- </p>
- <p> "I can't sit still," he told House Speaker John McCormack, who
- was trying to work out a time after the Kennedy funeral for
- Johnson to address a joint session of Congress. "I've got to
- keep the government going. I met with the Cabinet this afternoon.
- We've got the budget to resolve next week. But I don't want
- the family to feel that I am having any lack of respect, so
- I have a delicate wire to walk there."
- </p>
- <p> Georgia's venerable Senator Richard Russell had been instrumental
- in making Johnson Senate majority leader, and a deferential
- L.B.J. had always claimed, "Dick Russell is like a daddy to
- me." Being President brought some change. "You never turned
- your country down," said Johnson, whose voice on the tape hammered
- at Russell's reluctance to serve on what would become the Warren
- Commission to investigate J.F.K.'s death. "Well, I could," responded
- Russell. "Well, this is not me; this is your country," said
- Johnson. "You're going to do it, and don't tell me what you
- can do and what you can't, because I can't arrest you, and I'm
- not going to put the FBI on you, but you're goddam sure going
- to serve, I'll tell you that." Russell knew he was beaten and
- finally replied, "I'm at your command, and I'll do anything...where the country is involved." Johnson hammered him again:
- "You're going to be at my command as long as I'm here."
- </p>
- <p> Johnson, himself a master political conspirator, had deep suspicions
- about Kennedy's murder. "How many shots were fired," he asked
- FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover in another call. Three, Hoover
- replied. "Any of them fired at me?" No, said Hoover. "All three
- at the President?" asked L.B.J., seeming to wonder. "All three
- at the President," responded Hoover.
- </p>
- <p> The extensive exchanges between Johnson and Hoover illuminate
- a wary but important relationship of the time. Johnson loved
- the inside dirt that Hoover, then 68, often whispered to him.
- Hoover used his confidential files to hang on to power long
- past retirement age. Once when an aide suggested Johnson get
- rid of Hoover, the President replied, "Son, when you have a
- skunk it is better to have him inside the tent pissing out than
- outside pissing in."
- </p>
- <p> Often after Johnson won his way over someone, he would tell
- the story to others with relish, burnishing and enlarging the
- tale as he went. He did that in another call to Senator Russell
- relating how he had persuaded Chief Justice Earl Warren to chair
- the assassination commission. "You know what happened? Bobby
- [Kennedy] and them went up to see [Warren] today, and he
- turned them down cold and said no. Two hours later, I called
- him and ordered him down here, and he didn't want to come, and
- I insisted he come. He came down here, and he told me `no' twice...And I said, `All I want you to do is look at the facts
- and bring any other facts you want in here and determine who
- killed the President, and I think you can put on your uniform
- of World War I...fat as you are...and do anything you
- could to save one American life...And I'm surprised that
- you, the Chief Justice of the United States, would turn me down.'
- And he started crying. He said, `Well, I won't turn you down.
- I'll just do whatever you say.'"
- </p>
- <p> These tapes show Johnson at a time when he thought he could
- talk openly and unctuously to the media. His wilder moments,
- while they were the endless topic of inside gossip and mirth,
- rarely surfaced in print. That time would end within a few months,
- but not before he had one last fling at fulsome flattery. From
- a call to the New York Times' Arthur Krock: "Well, Arthur, you're
- a mighty wonderful friend...and I need you now more than
- I ever did before, and I read your column just this minute...and I just thought how fortunate I was to have known you
- and to have your confidence." To Katharine Graham, head of the
- Washington Post: "Hello, my sweetheart, how are you...You
- know, there's only one thing I dislike about this job...that I'm married and I can't ever get to see you. I hear that
- sweet voice on the telephone...and I would like to break
- out of here and be like one of these young animals down on my
- ranch, jump a fence."
- </p>
- <p> The rough-and-tumble, folksy ways had worked well for Johnson
- in the Senate's closed and clubby atmosphere and made him respected
- and feared among the Capitol's insiders. But his style often
- raised ridicule and suspicion in the national spotlight where
- he had to dwell as President. Life-and-death issues like the
- cold war and Vietnam required, more than anything, calm, study
- and courage--not theatrics.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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